Table A. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF HUMAN AND ZOONOTIC PATHOGENS AND TOXINS

1. Agents or toxins known to have been developed, produced, stockpiled or used as weapons

2. Likely methods and high level of dissemination or cover a large area as aerosol, spores in aerosol, sabotage (food and water supply) and infected vector

3. Low infective/toxic dose

4. High level of morbidity and short incubation or latent period

5. High level of transmissibility and/or contagiousness

6. Infection or intoxication by variety of route, especially by respiratory route

7. High morbidity, incapacity or mortality rates

8. Stability in the environment

9. No effective or cost-effective prophylactics, protection or treatment available

10. Short incubation period and/or difficult to diagnose/identify at an early stage

11. Ease of production and dissemination

Table B. ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR TOXINS

Toxicity

1= Lethal dose (LD50) in the 10E-9 g/kg range

10= Lethal dose (LD50) in the 10E-3 g/kg range

Onset

1= Minutes to hours onset

10 = Hours or days to onset

Level of incapacity or mortality

1= Predominately incapacitating

10= Predominately lethal

Likely methods of dissemination

1= Toxin could be aerosolized and delivered to cover large areas (large-scale dissemination). Toxin could be used in sabotage for contamination food and water.

10= Toxin could not be aerosolized and delivered to cover large areas. Toxin could be difficult to use in sabotage.

Stability in environment/storage

1= Extremely stable in storage and environment

10= Unstable in environment or requires special storage conditions

Ease of decontamination

1= Extremely difficult to decontaminate after a toxin aerosol attack

10= Decontamination would be relatively unimportant and general decontamination procedures effectively destroy toxin

Ease of production and transportation

1= Toxin can be easily produced in large quantities - low technology, low cost, widely available (fermentation)

10= Toxin that is very difficult to produce in weaponizable quantities - high cost, only available to specialized teams (solid phase synthesis of >100 amino acid polypeptides, advanced genetic manipulation).

Table C. CRITERIA FOR ANIMAL PATHOGENS

1. Agents known to have been developed, produced or used as weapons.

2. Agents which have severe socioeconomic and/or significant adverse human health impacts to be evaluated against a combination of the following criteria:

a. High morbidity and/or mortality rate

b. Short incubation period and/or difficult to diagnose/identify at an early stage

c. High transmissibility and/or contagiousness

d. Lack of availability of cost effective protection/treatment

e. Low infective/toxic dose

f. Stability in the environment

g. Ease of production

Table D. CRITERIA FOR PLANT PATHOGENS

1. Agents known to have been developed, produced or used as weapons.

2. Agents which have severe socio-economic and/or significant adverse human health impacts, due to their effect on staple crops, to be evaluated against a combination of the following criteria:

a. Ease of dissemination (wind, insects, water, etc.)

b. Short incubation period and/or difficult to diagnose/identify at an early stage

c. Ease of production

d. Stability in the environment

e. Lack of availability of cost effective protection/treatment

f. Low infective dose

g. High infectivity

h. Short life cycle.

 

Table E. HUMAN AND ZOONOTIC PATHOGENS

Viruses

1. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus

2. Eastern equine encephalitis virus

3. Ebola virus

4. Sin Nombre virus

5. Junin virus

6. Lassa fever virus

7. Machupo virus

8. Marburg virus

9. Rift Valley fever virus

10. Tick-borne encephalitis virus

11. Variola major virus (Smallpox virus)

12. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

13. Western equine encephalitis virus

14. Yellow fever virus

15. Monkeypox virus

Bacteria

1. Bacillus anthracis

2. [Brucella abortus]

3. Brucella melitensis

4. [Brucella suis]

5. Burkholderia mallei

6. Burkholderia pseudomallei

7. Francisella tularensis

8. Yersinia pestis

9. Coxiella burnetii

10. Rickettsia prowazekii

11. Rickettsia rickettsii

[Protozoa

1. Naegleria fowleri

2. Naegleria australiensis]

Table F. Animal Pathogens

Bovine pathogens

1. [Contagios bovine (pleuropneumonia)/ (Mycoplasma mycoidey var. mycoides]

2. [Foot and mouth disease virus]

3. Rinderpest virus

4. [Vesicular stomatitis virus]

Ovine pathogens

5. [Peste des petitis ruminants virus]

6. [Blue tongue virus]

Swine pathogens

7. African swine fever virus

8. [Classical swine fever virus (Hog cholera virus)]

9. [Teschen disease virus (Porcine enterovirus type 1)]

Avian pathogens

10. [Avian influenza virus (Fowl plague virus)(f.sp. tabacina (Adam) skalicky]

11. [Newcastle disease virus]

Equine pathogens

12. [African horse sickness virus]

Table G. Plant Pathogens

Cereal pathogens

1. [Puccinia graminis]

2. Tilletia indica

3. [Claviceps purpurea]

Sugar cane pathogens

4. [Sugar cane Fiji disease virus]

5. Xanthomonas albilineans

Cash crop pathogens

6. Colletotrichum coffeanum var. virulans

7. [Erwinia amylovora]

8. [Ralstonia solenacearum]

9. [Xanthomonas campestris pv citri]

10. [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum]

11. [Peronospora hyoscyami de Bary]

Forest pathogens

12. [Dothistroma pini (Scirrhia pini)]

Table H. Toxins

Bacteriotoxins

1. Botulinum toxins

2. Clostridium perfringens toxins

3. Staphylococcal enterotoxins

4. Shigatoxins

Phycotoxins

5. Anatoxins

6. Ciguatoxins

7. Saxitoxins

Mycotoxins

8. Trichothecene toxins

Phytotoxins

9. Abrins

10. Ricins

Zootoxins

11. Bungarotoxins